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Going Green Starts with Blue: The Water Impact of India’s Energy Sector
Examining Water Usage in India’s Energy Sector and Its Implications for Sustainability
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8 juillet 2024
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As India pursues ambitious climate change actions and sustainability goals, the water impact from its energy sector is becoming increasingly critical. India, one of the most water-stressed countries globally, holds 18% of the world’s population but only 4% of its freshwater resources.
The energy sector’s water withdrawal currently stands at approximately 30 billion cubic metres (“bcm”) annually, with consumption expected to double by 2030. Key insights include the high water intensity of coal-powered thermal plants, which use 72,623 litres per megawatt-hour (“MWh”), and natural gas plants, using 10,611 litres per MWh. In contrast, renewable energy sources like wind and solar have significantly lower water impacts.
The report also highlights the severe water demands of biofuels, particularly ethanol, and the water requirements for the production and maintenance of solar and wind energy systems. Furthermore, it examines the need for efficient water management practices in green hydrogen production. The necessity for India to formulate a “Blue Deal”, similar to the European Union’s approach, is emphasised to reduce the water footprint of energy projects and ensure sustainable water management practices.
By addressing these water usage patterns, the report provides a comprehensive analysis and actionable insights to support India’s journey towards sustainability and net-zero goals. It underscores the importance of integrating water audits, leveraging water bonds, and investing in wastewater recycling and desalination to mitigate the looming water crisis.
Date
8 juillet 2024